Pathology is the branch of medical science that focuses on the study of diseases, their causes, development, and effects on the body. Pathologists are medical professionals who examine tissues, cells, and body fluids to diagnose diseases and understand how they progress. Pathology plays a critical role in diagnosing illnesses, guiding treatment plans, and monitoring disease progression.
Although pulmonary medicine only began to evolve as a medical specialty in the 1950s, William Welch and William Osler founded the ‘parent’ organization of the American Thoracic Society
One of the first major discoveries relevant to the field of pulmonology was the discovery of pulmonary circulation. Originally, it was thought that blood reaching the right side of the heart passed through small ‘pores’ in the septum into the left side to be oxygenated, as theorized by Galen; however, the discovery of pulmonary circulation disproves this theory, which had previously been accepted since the 2nd century. Thirteenth century anatomist and physiologist Ibn Al-Nafis accurately theorized that there was no ‘direct’ passage between the two sides.
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