Ultrasound and Color Doppler are non-invasive imaging techniques that use sound waves to visualize internal organs and tissues, particularly for medical diagnostics. These tools are widely used to assess various bodily structures, including organs, blood vessels, and tissues, and help monitor conditions in real-time.
Although pulmonary medicine only began to evolve as a medical specialty in the 1950s, William Welch and William Osler founded the ‘parent’ organization of the American Thoracic Society
One of the first major discoveries relevant to the field of pulmonology was the discovery of pulmonary circulation. Originally, it was thought that blood reaching the right side of the heart passed through small ‘pores’ in the septum into the left side to be oxygenated, as theorized by Galen; however, the discovery of pulmonary circulation disproves this theory, which had previously been accepted since the 2nd century. Thirteenth century anatomist and physiologist Ibn Al-Nafis accurately theorized that there was no ‘direct’ passage between the two sides.
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